You are viewing Version 2, the most recent version of this dataset.
2 version(s) available
Date of publication: June 27, 2025

Version 2

Date of publication: June 27, 2025

Type of change: Data

Description: Changes in data structure.

preview image

Opportunity cost estimates for spatial conservation prioritisation across Europe

by Douglas Spencer

Land opportunity costs of conservation estimates for the agricultural (split into arable and pastoral land), forestry, and rental market sectors relative to 2021 (version v_08_23). The lack of land opportunity costs of conservation on bare land, water and glaciers are represented by the 'No sector' entity. This sector is not included in the 'Combined sectors'. Uses the European Land Systems map by Dou et al. (2021) for the land use land class cat ...(continue reading)

DOI 10.25829/xa7c12
Citation
Spencer, D., Marques, A., Veerkamp, C., van der Marel, M., Verburg, P., Namasivayam, A., Jung, M., Visconti, P., O'Connor, L., di Marco, M., Kujala, H., Schipper, A. (2025). Opportunity cost estimates for spatial conservation prioritisation across Europe (Version 2) [Dataset]. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research. https://doi.org/10.25829/xa7c12

Systematic conservation planning nature conservation costsopportunity costs

78
The title of the dataset. Opportunity cost estimates for spatial conservation prioritisation across Europe
The date on which this version of the data was created in YYYY-MM-DD format.
A paragraph describing the dataset.
Hover to see a suggestion for a good description. Allowed:
Land opportunity costs of conservation estimates for the agricultural (split into arable and pastoral land), forestry, and rental market sectors relative to 2021 (version v_08_23). The lack of land opportunity costs of conservation on bare land, water and glaciers are represented by the 'No sector' entity. This sector is not included in the 'Combined sectors'. Uses the European Land Systems map by Dou et al. (2021) for the land use land class categorisation. The current layers are a beta version and will be subject to future changes.
Provide the DOI number of associated publications. Click Plus to add DOIs.
https://doi.org/
10.3897/arphapreprints.e123365
The method of production of the original data.
Hover to see a suggestion for a minimum description. Land rents for agricultural and forestry land are downscaled using weights determined by commodity prices and commodity yields. For urban areas, empirical data on property rents across 42 European cities and the corresponding human population size were used to area-standardise the property rents. Following this, the area-corrected values were extrapolated to all urban areas within the respective country. All layers are combined using land categorisations based upon the Dou et al. (2021) doi:10.1007/s10980-021-01227-5 map. For further references of data sources or more details into method please see Spencer et al. (2024) doi:10.3897/arphapreprints.e123365
The coverage content type describes the general content type of the resource (multiple selection possible).
The name of the Project.
The URL from the project website. https://naturaconnect.eu/
The name of the person or other creator type principally responsible for creating this data.
The email of the person or other creator type principally responsible for creating this data. douglas.spencer@pbl.nl

N/A

douglas.spencer@pbl.nl
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6915-4184
The names of the co-creators responsible for creating this data. Click Plus to add co-creators.
Select between Creative Commons (CC) or Non-CC license.
Please select the CC license from the list. We recommend the use of CC BY 4.0

Essential Biodiversity Variables

Select the EBV class and the EBV name for the dataset. For cross-cutting use the comment at the bottom of the page for further information.
Genetic composition
Intraspecific genetic diversity
Genetic differentiation
Effective population size
Inbreeding
Other
Species populations
Species distributions
Species abundances
Other
Species traits
Morphology
Physiology
Phenology
Movement
Other
Community composition
Community abundance
Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity
Trait diversity
Interaction diversity
Other
Ecosystem functioning
Primary productivity
Ecosystem phenology
Ecosystem disturbances
Other
Ecosystem structure
Live cover fraction
Ecosystem distribution
Ecosystem Vertical Profile
Other
Ecosystem services
Pollination
Other
Cross-cutting

Entity

Select the entity type of the dataset.
Species
Communities
Ecosystems
Other
None
A description of the range of taxa or ecosystem types addressed in the dataset. E.g. "300 species of mammals”, “Forests”, etc.
The reference as a URL. N/A

Metric

Provide the name, description, units of minimum 1 metric. Click Plus to add metrics.

Scenario

Spatial domain

Global
Continental/Regional
National
Sub-national/Local
Name of the continent/region/country/area, separated by comma
meter
southWest lat: 900000, lon: 900000
northEast lat: 5416000, lon: 7400000

Temporal domain

The targeted time period between each value in the dataset.
decadal
annually
monthly
weekly
daily
Other
Irregular
Single time
Select the temporal extent of the dataset.
When the dataset represents a Single time, then use the same start and end date.
__

Environmental domain *

Terrestrial
Marine
Freshwater
Miscellaneous information about the data, not captured elsewhere. In addition to the sector-specific entities, the dataset includes two additional composite entities:



- PPP standardised combined sectors: a standardised layer designed to reduce bias between countries caused by differences in the national price level.

- Z-score standardised combined sectors: a standardised layer designed to remove bias between countries due to inherent differences in price levels. This entity is specially suitable for spatial conservation prioriotisation approaches where the objectives is to allocate the same percentage of the land in each country as protected areas.



Note: the Z-score standardised and The PPP standardised layers don't retain the original unit "Euro / hectare / year".
Entities
Arable land
Pastoral land
Forestry land
Urban land
Other (bare land, water and glaciers)
Combined sectors (arable, pastoral, forestry and urban)
PPP standardised combined sectors
Z-score standardised combined sectors