This dataset focuses on the Tropical Andes region, specifically Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia, aiming to analyze species richness by macrogroup habitat type. The methodology involved utilizing recent (~2010) distribution maps of terrestrial ecosystem types as indicators for the study area. Natural terrestrial ecosystem types were defined at the macrogroup level according to the International Vegetation Classification (IVC). Species richness data for all birds, amphibians, and mammals were obtained, including counts for both overall species richness and threatened species within these groups, obtained from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The obtained species richness maps were overlaid with the macrogroup ecosystem maps to associate the data spatially. Zonal analyses were then conducted to determine the average species richness for each ecosystem type.